Lohe Ka Zamana (3)
Dr. Mubarak Ali
.
Summary:
Tehzib-e-Barsagheer (South Asia)
Cheeni Tehzib
Yunani Tehzib
Romi Tehzib
.
Excerpts:
"lekin kaansi ne jin tehzibon ko peda kiya wo chand elaqon me simti hui thin, yani mesopotamia, misr, wadiye sindh aur cheen. is ki waja ye thi ke ye tehziben un elaqon main ubhrin ke jahan darya the aur kheti bari ke liye pani kafi miqdar me tha." 13
.
"1400 QM me ek qaum jis ka nam Hitties tha, ye maujudah turkey ke rehne wale the, unho ne na sirf lohe ki dhat ko naye sire se daryaft kiya, bulke use istimal bhi krna shuru kiya. Hittiyon ka ek karnama ye hy k unhon ne hi sb se pehle ghore ko sudha kr use sawari, kheti bari aur jangon ke liye istimal kiya. Warna Kansi ke zamane me ghora insani aur tehzibi zindagi me nahin tha. Is liye kaha ja sakta hy k lohe ki dhat aur ghore ne mil kr insani tehzib ki riftar tez kardiya." 14
.
"ab hath se kam karna zillat ka baais hogaya." 18
.
"ab tk ye samjha jata tha ke Arya hindustan per hamla aawar hue aur unho ne maqami bashandon ko mar mar kr peeche dhakel diya. Lekin ab jo nai tehqiq hui hy is me aarya hamla awar nahin bulke ye ese groh ya jamaten thin k jo waqtan fawaqtan yahan aye aur yahan aakar abad hue." 21
.
"apne ibtidai zamane me ye log maujudah panjab me aakar abad hue, pehli ved 'rigved' yahin per likhi gai magar ahista ahista ye wadiye sindh se aage barhte gaye... Ganga Jamna ki wadiyon me jakar abad hue aur dekha jaye to yahin per in ke mazhabi aqeede pukhta hue." 22
.
"barhamno ne mazhab aur syasat ko apas me mila diya." 40
.
"noker shahi ke idare ki bunyad Haan Khandan k hukmuran Chaosu (206-195 QM) ne dali." 53
"chin k ye ehde dar Mandarins kehlate the."
.
"wo (chini) bemariyon ka elaj jadu tone se nahin karte the bulke jari bootiyon se dawain tayar krte the." 60
.
"chai 2 sadi QM me pina shuru hui aur jald hi is ne ek fun ki shikil ikhtiyar kr li." 66
.
"(athenes k logone ne 594 QM me) Soolan nami ek qanun dan ko apna sarbarah banaya... Is ne Asembly k idare ko shuru kiya k jis k mimber tamam azad shehri ho sakte the. Jajon ka intekhab b log mil kr krte the. Athenes ka ye nizame hukumat Jamhooriyat kehlaya." 72
.
"athenes k log in gulamon k itne aadi hogaye the k bachon ki talim o tarbiyt bhi inhi k zime kardi thi. In gulamon ki waja se Yunan aur Athenes k logon ko fursat mil gayi. Ager muashre me ye gulam na hote to yunan k danishwar, falsafi aur artist itne karname anjam nahi de sakte the.
Ye tarikh ki bd qismati hy k in gulamon ko bhula diya gaya.." 75
.
"Yunan me 800 QM tk log likhna nahi jante the." 80
.
"Athenes me jb shehri ryast mazboot hui to qanun dan Soolan ne aurton k bare me sakht qawanin bnaye. Ab umra ki aurtain parde me rehti thin. Jb bahar jatin to chehre per niqab dalti thin. 88
.
"matmi log kala libas pehn kr juloos ki shakal me qubrustan jate the . aurten apne balon ki ek lat kaat kr murde k sath rakh deti thin. Wo apne ek gaal ko bhi zakhmi kr liti thin take us se khoon nikle, ye gam aur afsoos ke izhar k liye tha." 92
.
"lehaza jahan Yunani Tehzib ne zehni taraqqi ke raste khole, wahan Romi Tehzib ne Syasi idare batoore wirsa diye." 97
.
"buhut se shahanshahon ko un ke marne k bad davta bna kr unki pooja ki jati thi. (rome)" 106
.
"romi faujizon ko roz ek lehsan khana hota tha, take wo bimari se mehfooz rahen." 116
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